JavaScript - Passing Query Strings
Hi,
I know virtually nothing about js so here goes: I use the following script: Code: <script type="text/javascript">var showNav = false;var params='clubID=1784&compID=8041&leagueTable=y&orderTBCLast=Y&colour=147C99';var colour = '147C99';</script> The variable which needs to be called from another page is 'compID' - as I have about 20 competitions rather than hard-coding each page I hoped to generate this from the following: infocus/respage.php?cid=8041 <--- where I can change the compID from the 'calling' page. In my absolute naivety I thought I could simply change the code to this: Code: <script type="text/javascript">var showNav = false;var params='clubID=1784&compID=cid&leagueTable=y&orderTBCLast=Y&colour=147C99';var colour = '147C99';</script> But as the learned among you will realise this just doesnt work - any help appreciated! Similar TutorialsHello all. I'm working with a simple shopping page. I basically need to add up all of the values that are found in my query string, and display them as a total on my page. I know how to retrieve each value individually, however I'm a little confused on how to add up the values that are only found in the query string. Please keep in mind, I'm very new to javascripting, and probably won't understand in-depth coding. I have a lot more code to go with this, but I don't think it's required for my question.. Any help would be appreciated! Code: <javascript> var parameters = new Array( ); // <![CDATA[ var qs = document.location.search.substring( 1, document.location.search.length ); var params = qs.split( "&" ); for (var x=0 ; x < params.length ; x++) { var pair = params[ x ].split( "="); parameters.push( new Parameter( pair[ 0 ], pair[ 1 ] ) ); } function get_parameter_value_for_name( name ) { for( var x = 0 ; x < parameters.length ; x++) { if( parameters[ x ].name == name) { return parameters[ x ].name; } } return " "; } function get_parameter_value_for_value( name ) { for( var x = 0 ; x < parameters.length ; x++) { if( parameters[ x ].name == name) { return parameters[ x ].value; } } return " " ; } //]]> </script> I have a set of tabs that are set with an href that adds a query string to the url such as "?t=1", meaning the first tab is selected. Technically it works just fine but every time I click a tab it reloads the page and I'm not entirely sure how to stop this. I'm using a jquery plugin to handle the query strings. Here's the plugin. Here's the piece of the code that matters: Code: var url = location.search; var tab = $.query.get('t'); init(tab); function init(tab){ $("div.tab").hide(); //hides all the content boxes related to the tabs $("div#tab"+tab).fadeIn("fast"); //Shows the selected tab's content box setInactive(); //Styles unselected tabs setActive(tab); //Styles selected tab } Any help would be greatly appreciated. Code: <head> <script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.0/jquery.min.js"></script> <script> function getQuerystringNameValue(subid) { var winURL = window.location.href; var queryStringArray = winURL.split("?"); var queryStringParamArray = queryStringArray[1].split("&"); var nameValue = null; for ( var i=0; i<queryStringParamArray.length; i++ ) { queryStringNameValueArray = queryStringParamArray[i].split("="); if ( subid == queryStringNameValueArray[0] ) { nameValue = queryStringNameValueArray[1]; } } return nameValue; } </script> <script> function getQuerystringNameValue(uid) { var winURL = window.location.href; var queryStringArray = winURL.split("?"); var queryStringParamArray = queryStringArray[1].split("&"); var nameValue = null; for ( var i=0; i<queryStringParamArray.length; i++ ) { queryStringNameValueArray = queryStringParamArray[i].split("="); if ( uid == queryStringNameValueArray[0] ) { nameValue = queryStringNameValueArray[1]; } } return nameValue; } </head> And trying to pass into this link but its not working. Code: <map name="Map"> <area id="link-connector" shape="rect" coords="33,466,349,530" href="http://www.linkconnector.com/ta.php?lc=125601055059003882&atid=" + getQuerystringNameValue("uid") + "&ptid=" + getQuerystringNameValue("subid") + "&lcpt=0&lcpf=3"> </map> <body> Reply With Quote 01-13-2015, 07:21 PM #2 rnd me View Profile View Forum Posts Visit Homepage Senior Coder Join Date Jun 2007 Location Urbana Posts 4,497 Thanks 11 Thanked 603 Times in 583 Posts you can't use script in the middle of an attrib like that, you need to hard-code that url in whole, or build the string in JS and apply it all at once. Hi all, I would really appreciate it if someone could help me with this problem. I have some JavaScript code that encodes (escapes) a string (typically a URL) - I then want to pass the encoded string to a php page via a querystring. Trouble is, the querystring doesn't contain the correct encoded string! For example - If we assume the string I want to pass contains the data : tester My encoder, encodes this as : %74%65%73%74%65%72 When the code then passes this in a query string to, for example, code.php the querystring comes out as follows : code.php?encstring=tester The following is the JavaScript code that encodes, shows an alert box with the correct encoded string in it and then calls the code.php with the encoded string attached. Please help? What am I missing here? Code: NOTE: variables: os is the input string and ns is the encoded string. Code: <script type="text/javascript"> var os='tester'; var ns=''; var t; var chr=''; var cc=''; var tn=''; for(i=0;i<256;i++){ tn=i.toString(16); if(tn.length<2)tn="0"+tn; cc+=tn; chr+=unescape('%'+tn); } cc=cc.toUpperCase(); os.replace(String.fromCharCode(13)+'',"%13"); for(q=0;q<os.length;q++){ t=os.substr(q,1); for(i=0;i<chr.length;i++){ if(t==chr.substr(i,1)){ t=t.replace(chr.substr(i,1),"%"+cc.substr(i*2,2)); i=chr.length; }} ns+=t; } alert(ns); window.location = "code.php?encstring="+ns; </script> I want to map a field, city, from a MySQL database into Google Maps. I found a nice script to do it, but haven't been able to get it to work. If I hard code an array into locations (var locations = ['Seattle', 'New York']), it works fine. Passing this SQL array into JS is giving me problems. I've tried a number of different things, but I'm stuck. Right now I'm trying getElementById, but no dice. Any help is appreciated! Thanks. Code: <?php $server_name="localhost"; $db_user="sql_user"; $db_pass="password"; $db="mydb"; $sql = "SELECT city FROM posts"; $result = mysql_query($query) or die ('Query Error: ' . mysql_error()); while ($results = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { $gender = $results[gender]; } ?> <div id="map_canvas" style="width: 600px; height: 400px"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> var locations = document.getElementById("$gender"); var mapOpt = { mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.TERRAIN, center: new google.maps.LatLng(38.00, -100.00), zoom: 3 }; var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("map_canvas"), mapOpt); var geocoder = new google.maps.Geocoder(); var index = 0; var geocoderFunction = function () { geocoder.geocode({ 'address': locations[index] }, function (results, status) { if (status == google.maps.GeocoderStatus.OK) { new google.maps.Marker({ map: map, position: results[0].geometry.location }); } // Call the geocoder with a 100ms delay index++; if (locations.length > index) { setTimeout(geocoderFunction, 100); } }); } // Launch the geocoding process geocoderFunction(); </script> Hello, i'm working on a 3 page survey. When hitting next, previous, or submit it passes the values of all the questions to the next page. I've got the whole thing working correcting except for one thing: When the box is "not" checked it passes no value. I'm needing it to have a value of "1" when checked and a value of "0" when not checked, and currently when its not checked and i pass the info it leaves it blank. I'd post the whole code to one of the pages but it's long , so i'll post the snipits of the code. Code: <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ function processQueryString() { var formData = location.search; formData = formData.substring(1, formData.length); while (formData.indexOf("+") != -1) { formData = formData.replace("+", " "); } formData = unescape(formData); var formArray = formData.split("&"); for (var i=0; i < formArray.length; ++i) { //document.writeln(formArray[i] + "<br />"); var sDataName = formArray[i].split("=") switch (sDataName[0]) { case ".lib_use": for (var j=0; j < document.getElementsByName(".lib_use").length; ++j) { if (document.getElementsByName(".lib_use").item(j).value == sDataName[1]) { document.getElementsByName(".lib_use").item(j).checked = true; //alert("lib_use set"); } } break; case ".lib_comp": if (sDataName[1] == 1) { document.getElementsByName(".lib_comp").checked = true; document.getElementsByName(".lib_comp").value= 1; } else { document.getElementsByName(".lib_comp").checked = false; document.getElementsByName(".lib_comp").value= 0; } break; default: alert("not caught = " + sDataName[0]); continue; } } } /* ]]> */ </script> <input type="checkbox" name=".lib_comp" id="lib_comp" value="1" /> The first case that i showed in my code is a radio button, and it passes correctly, i just wanted to show the "format" i was using in a working sense. The 2nd case is an example of the check boxes. Thanks for looking at this, and giving any suggestions you might have! Hi, I have what I assume started as a simple error and then trying to fix it I think I have made things so complicated I've become confused. I have two fields, a drop down list and a text field, when someone clicks on a value in a drop down list (I will show the results eventually but at the moment) I just want the result to echo in my getCategory.php and the same for the text field. Both php pages are currently being called. And at the moment contain $_REQUEST['category'] and $_REQUEST['ProductName'] respectively. Nothing is being echoed. I know the below code is wrong, but the more I try to correct it the worse it gets so I thought I would just leave it as is before I made it worse. Code: <script type="text/javascript"> function loadXMLDoc1(File,ID,Msg){ if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest(); } else { try{ xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); } catch (e) { xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } } xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function(){ if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200){ document.getElementById(ID).innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText; } } var params=Msg; xmlhttp.open("POST",File,true); xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Pragma", "Cache-Control:no-cache"); xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-length", params.length); xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Connection", "close"); xmlhttp.send(params); } </script> </head> <body> <label>Search by Category: </label> <select name="category" id="category" onchange='loadXMLDoc1("getCategory.php","txtHint","category")' class="input"> <option value="please select" selected"selected">Please Select</option> <option value="Clothes" name="Clothes" id="Clothes">Clothes</option> <option value="Bags" name="Bags" id="Bags">Bags</option> <option value="Hats" name="Hats" id="Hats">Hats</option> </select> <br /> <br /> <label>Search by name: </label> <input type="text" class="input" name="ProductName" id="ProductName" value="Search" size="30"/> <input type="button" value="Search" onclick="loadXMLDoc1('getProductName.php','txtHint', ProductName='(this.value)')" /> <br /> <br /> <div id="txtHint"></div> Dear all, I'm passing the variables myTitle and myLink to form.php using javascript. This is the way I'm doing it: Code: <a href='form.php?title=" + myTitle +"&link="+myLink+">Click me</a> It's working great but sometimes myTitle and myLink contain the plus character (+). When this happens it's not passed. In the case of the title, it's just a problem of looks but in the case of the link, well, the link won't work without the character. As an example if the title is: Laptop + Accessories What is passed is: Laptop Accessories What can I do to pass also the plus character?? Thanks a lot!! I'm new at JavaScript and am trying to figure out a simple text calculator as seen on a science project website. The project says the final program should calculate: 1. the number of sentences contained in the text, 2. the number of words in each sentence, 3. the number of letters in each word, 4. the average number of words per sentence, and 5. the average word length. I have pretty much everything (I think) but am being completely stumped by item number 2 and item number 4. The code is below. Can anyone help me understand what I should be doing for point number 2 and 4? I understand how to calculate and display the length of an item in an array and return it's values as 5,6,7,8 etc where the value is the length of the word, but i can't grasp how to calculate the number of items in an array to read 2,5,9 where the values are the number of words per each sentence...so confused! Below is my code...apoligies if it's sloppy...it's my first javascript code experience Code: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Count</title> Code: Okay so I have this code for HMTL5 Canvas, however this is a JavaScript directed question not a Canvas question. Code: <script type="text/javascript"> var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas"); var cxt=c.getContext("2d"); cxt.moveTo(0,400); cxt.lineTo(50,a); cxt.lineTo(100,b); cxt.lineTo(150,390); cxt.lineTo(200,300); cxt.lineTo(250,285); cxt.lineTo(300,299); cxt.lineTo(350,250); cxt.lineTo(400,325); cxt.lineTo(450,275); cxt.lineTo(500,300;); cxt.stroke(); </script> That will draw a line graph, however I want to get the coordinates from a variable in the URL. So it may be example.com/a=500&b=600 . How would I retrieve these two variables and then insert in to they're respective places? Any help greatly appreciated, please make it as simple as possible - I'm good with my PHP now but JavaScript is all new How do I join strings? I tried below but get an error. var a += document.getElementById("PICKUP_TYPE").value + "~"; var a += document.getElementById("PICKUP_ADDRESS").value + "~"; var a += document.getElementById("PICKUP_ADDRESS2").value + "~"; Hello, A quick summary to inform you on what I'm trying to accomplish and then the question. If you want to skip to the question first, I have it in red letters lower down. Just figured I'd answer the "why are you doing it this way" question first. I am writing a tool in JavaScript in which a user selects various options via checkboxes and then a pre-engineered scenario image for a product matching those selections is displayed. Here is the basic workflow of the code: 1. The code runs through the checkboxes and based on whether the boxes are checked or not, adds a value of "1" or "0" to a string. There are some dashes added into the string to visually divide some categories of options. Here is an example of the resulting string: 0-0011100-101100 2. A variable named scenarioID holds the value of the resulting string. A switch statement is run which assigns a name to the scenario based on the scenario ID. Here is an example: PHP Code: switch(scenarioID){ case "0-0011100-101100": var scenarioName="Scenario 1"; break; } 3. The scenarioName variable is then used to pull up an image with the corresponding name. For example, if the scenarioName variable has a value of "Scenario 1" then an image named "Scenario 1" is displayed. --------------------------------------------- So here is where I am running into an issue: I have some scenario names that multiple scenario ID's match because they apply whether a specific checkbox is selected or not. Currently, I am still able to apply the correct name to the scenario by simply having multiple switch statements apply to the same scenario name. For example: PHP Code: switch(scenarioID){ case "0-0011100-101100": var scenarioName="Scenario 1"; break; case "0-1110011-101101": case "1-1110011-101101": var scenarioName="Scenario 2"; break; } However, I have some scenarios in which up to 3 options may apply whether or not they are checked. This means that I have to have 8 different switch cases (scenario ID's) for a single scenario name. Is there a way for me to wildcard the switch cases so that I can specify which items don't matter for a scenario? Something like the following example? PHP Code: switch(scenarioID){ case "0-0011100-101100": var scenarioName="Scenario 1"; break; case "*-1110011-101101": var scenarioName="Scenario 2"; break; } I'm trying to write a pi calculator that shows a comparison of the calculated value to the actual value. It works, but the output of the comparison shows only the first two decimal spots, followed by two 9s. Why is it showing two 9s and how can I make it more precise? Code: <head> <title> Pi Calculator </title> <script language="JavaScript"> function calcpi(digitsn) { p = 1; s = 0; for (c = 3; c < digitsn; c += 2) { if (s == 0) { p -= 1/c; s = 1; } else { p += 1/c; s = 0; } } p *= 4; return p; } function hid(input) { //Highlight Incorrect Digits pi = "3.14159265358979323846".split(''); input = input.toString().split(''); result = ""; for (c = 0; c < input.length; c++) { if (input[c] != pi[c]) { //result += "; " + input[c] + "!=" + pi[c]; result += "<span style='background-color:red'>" + input[c] + "</span>"; } else { result += input[c]; } } return result; } </script> </head> <body> Repeat algorithm x many times:<br/> <input type="text" value="10000" id="digitsx"/><br/> <input type="button" onClick="document.getElementById('answer').value=calcpi(parseInt(document.getElementById('digitsx').value)).toString()" value="Calculate"/><br/> Result:<br/> <input type="text" readonly id="answer"/><br/> Correct value:<br/> <input type="text" readonly value="3.14159265358979323846"/><br/> <input type="button" value="Compare" onClick="document.getElementById('comparison').innerHTML = hid('3.1499')"/> <div id="comparison"/> </body> Hi All, I'm trying to convert a string based on the contents of another string. For example, I have two strings - "Purple" and "Orange" and a variable "P" - I want the script to look at the word "Purple" and everytime is sees the letter "P", assign this to a third variable (result variable) - if the letter it's looking at is not a "p", I want it to take that character from "Orange" and add it to the result string. So the result would be "Prapge". This is the code I have so far, and it doesn't work, absolutely stumped as to why ... Code: function fillInChar(targetString, otherString, newChar) { var splitTarget = targetString.split(''); var splitOther = otherString.split(''); var resultArray = newArray(splitTarget.length); var holdVar = ''; for (var position = 0; position < splitTarget.length; position = position + 1) { if (splitTarget[position] != newChar) { var holdVar = splitOther[position]; resultArray[position] = holdVar } else { resultArray[position] = newChar } } return resultArray } document.write('IF VISIBLE - LOOP IS VIABLE' + '<BR>') var testVar = fillInChar('purple', 'orange', 'p'); document.write('HELLO WORLD!!! .... ' + testVar); Hi, I've had problems in the past understanding this, however, after reading this tutorial, I understand. In some languages, like VB6, I notice the "byVal" and the "byRef" is specifically used. In javascript, I don't notice those specifics typed in functions. Is the "default" by value when using in a function to change a parameter? If it is, what is the syntax for using by reference, or is that ever used? My question arises from this notation taken from here: Quote: Note that it is the value that a has at the time that it is passed into the function that gets substituted into the argument and not the value that the original variable has at that point in the processing. It is the values in the parameters that the function uses and not the variables. This is called pass by value . In those languages where you can pass the actual variable into the function instead of just passing its value the method used to do so is called pass by reference . Had we been able to pass the variables into the function by reference rather than by value then the final value in b would have been -16 instead of -14. Here is the example (passing by value): Code: function myfunction(y, z) { a += y; b -= z; } var a = 0; var b = 10; var c = 3; var d = 4; var e = 2; myfunction(c, d); myfunction(d, e); myfunction(9, 2); myfunction(b, a); Results: myFunction(c, d); output: 0 + 3 = 3(y), 10 - 4 = 6(z) myFunction(d, e); output: 3 + 4 = 7(y), 6 - 2 = 4(z) myFunction(9, 2); output: 7 + 9 = 16(y), 4 - 2 = 2(z) myFunction(b, a); output: 2 + 16 = 18(y), 2 -16 = -14(z) Thanks! Strings,, Broken Links, and Variables --HELP! I have a page with over 600 lines of code that I need to fix, the problem is as such: The page contains about 200 links, the problem is that the link tags are all messed up,, instead of the URL's they all got replaced with xxxxx so instead of: <a href="http://mystore.com/product1">product1</a> it would read: <a href="http://mystore.com/xxxx">product1</a> each product has to link to it's own page .... i.e: product1 goes to /mystore.com/product1,,, and so on I need help writing a script or performing some sort of function, that will take the text in between the <a></a> tags and insert it into it's own tag instead of the xxxxx so it would see <a href="http://mystore.com/xxxx">BaseBall Gloves</a> and convert that line into <a href="http://mystore.com/BaseBall%20Gloves>BaseBall Gloves</a> -- OUTPUTS: the ideal way would be if it could replace the existing source (kind of how you can do a find and replace),, if that's not possible, it would need to output all the existing source code with the modified <a> tags to a new window, and then I can copy that code into a new page. I've tried using regular expressions and different functions but can't get it to work. I really appreciate your help.. Thanks. Code: <html> <head> <title> Caught </title> <script language="JavaScript"> <-- hide me // get user to add name var name_entry = prompt ("Please Enter your Name!", "James"); // declare some short strings var stating = ", I knew you did it!" var told = "I told you that I would find out" var mistake = "I guess you just made a mistake entering your name," var punish = "Now go back to your room" // construct some longer strings var stating_name = name_entry + stating; var mistake_name = mistake + name_entry; // stop hiding me --> </script></head><body> <h1> OI Stop! </h1> <script language="JavaScript"> <!-- hide me document.writeln(stating_name + "<br>"); document.writeln(told = "<br>"); document.writeln(mistake_name = "<br>"); document.writeln(punish = "<br>"); // show me --> </script> </head> <p> <FORM> <INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="To Your Room" onClick="history.back()"> </FORM> </p> </body></html> It will not show my strings and variables?? Please Help!! Hello, I very new to this language and I still feel like I'm not grasping it... But, anyways, I'm doing a thing for school and I have to let the user input a string. I need to save the string and turn it into an array. For every word that is less than five letters I put "little" at the beginning of the word and for every word that is more than five letters I put "big" at the end of each word. Then I need to return the new string into output. I think I wrote the code really incorrectly, so any tips/advice would be much appreciated! Also, I don't understand adding user input into a code if that makes sense. The tutorials/lessons I've been looking at all say to put information into an array first and then mess with it. But, what if you don't have information in the array until the user puts it in? And once they enter it, then you mess with what they entered. I can't seem to get how to do that. Thank you for your time Code: function texter(newText){ var oldHTML = document.getElementById('outputPrompt').innerHTML; document.getElementById('outputPrompt').innerHTML = newText+"<br />"+oldHTML; console.log(newText); } function menuTwo(){ var userInput = document.getElementById('input').value; var correctedInputArray = userInput.toLowerCase().split(" "); var mainTwo = new Array([""]); for(var i=0; i<correctedInputArray.length; i++){ var thisWord = correctedInputArray[i]; var lessFive = 5; var moreFive = 6; var restOfWord; if(lessFive<5){ mainTwo[i]=thisWord+"-little"; }else if(moreFive>6){ mainTwo[i]="big-"+thisWord; } else{ restOfWord = thisWord.substr(1, thisWord.length-1); } } output = mainTwo.join(" "); texter(output); } </script> </head> <body> <h1>Document</h1> <input type='text' id='input' /> <input type='button' onclick='menuTwo()' value='submit'/> <p id='outputPrompt'>Please enter 1,2,3 or exit only</b> </p> </body> </html> I am now working on a utility function that will gather the indexes for substring matches found in a string. There is an academic mystery I am puzzling over Code: function getMatchIndex(a, b) // a: sting to search b: what to search for { var out = new Array(); if(a.lastIndexOf(b) > -1) // at least two matches, ****! there could be more { if( (a.substr(a.indexOf(b) + b.length, a.lastIndexOf(b))).length > b.length ) { var stp = parseInt(a.lastIndexOf(b)) - (parseInt(a.indexOf(b)) + parseInt(b.length)); alert(stp) alert( (a.substr(a.indexOf(b) + b.length, stp)).length+' : '+a.substr(a.indexOf(b) + b.length, stp)); } else { out[out.length] = a.indexOf(b); out[out.length] = a.lastIndexOf(b); return out; } } else if(a.indexOf(b) > - 1 && a.lastIndexOf(b) == -1) { out[out.length] = a.indexOf(b); return out; } else if(a.indexOf(b) == -1) { out = 'no matches'; return out; } else { var splitStr = new Array(); splitStr = a.split(b); /* possibilities: 1: one match at the begining or end -- leaves one significant item 2: one match somewhere after the beginning and before the end. -- gives two matches. */ for(var i = 0; i < splitStr.length - 1; i++) // don't want the last segment length { out[out.length] = splitStr[i].length } } } getMatchIndex('xxxi5ixxxxxxxi5ixx', 'i5i'); in the following code snippet: Code: if( (a.substr(a.indexOf(b) + b.length, a.lastIndexOf(b))).length > b.length ) { var stp = parseInt(a.lastIndexOf(b)) - (parseInt(a.indexOf(b)) + parseInt(b.length)); alert(stp) alert( (a.substr(a.indexOf(b) + b.length, stp)).length+' : '+a.substr(a.indexOf(b) + b.length, stp)); I am trying to get the sub string between the end of the first match to the beginning of the last match. The 'if' test passes, but I have to parseInt the values to get the proper value for stp. SO, the question is, what is the actual data type of an index value obtained from a string. (It would appear to be a string; having to use it an a math expression doesn't work without parseInt). (I hope I haven't posted too much code) Thank you in advance. |