PHP - Chmod A File

I am looking for the code|script to put on my update.php that allows uploaded images to be saved in my database (chmod) 777?

PLEASE HELP! 

how to get the name of the file including a file from the included file,

This one has me mixed up a bit.. I am trying to record site activity information from a common.php file using a user object. But since the file is included into different php files based on different situations I need a dynamic way of finding the file name that is including it. I could be over complicating things but right now this seems like the best solution other wise I'll have to rewrite the code on every page i write. Is there a function for doing this? Or if someone gets what I'm trying to do if they could point me to the direction of some more information on it.

Thanks.

Hey everyone, I'm pretty new to this, not my full time job, but just something I thought I'd give a shot...

I have a database, in postgres, in which I make my query and I go fetch all the info I need.
What I need to do next is the tricky part for me.

For each line of results received, I have to output to a text file (.txt) but I have to respect a format that was given to me from the person requesting the info.

Example:
Character 1 must be G or N.
Character 2 to to 11 will be a result from my database search, which is a 10 digit string.
Character 12 to 14 must be spaces.

Another rule is:
start at character 78: input a value from my database search but it must not exceed 20 characters and if it is less then 20 character, fill the remaining with spaces.


If anyways has a code I can copy and work off of I would really appreciate it....thanks!

Hiya,

Firstly, I'm a complete novice, apologies! But I have got my upload.php working which is nice. I will post the code below.

However, I would now like to restrict the file size and file type to only word documents.

I currently have a restriction of 200KB but it's not working - no idea why as I've looked at other similar codes and they look the same.

Also, just to complicate things - can I stop files overwriting each other when uploaded? At the moment, if 2 people upload files with the same name one will overwrite the other.

Is this too many questions in 1?

Any help is very much appreciated!

Code below:

Code: [Select]
<form enctype="multipart/form-data" action="careers.php" method="POST">
        Please choose a file: <input name="uploaded" type="file" /><br />
<input type="submit" value="Upload" />
</form>

<?php 
 $target = "upload/"; 
 $target = $target . basename( $_FILES['uploaded']['name']) ; 
 $ok=1; 
 
 //This is our size condition 
 if ($uploaded_size > 200) 
 { 
 echo "Your file is too large.<br>"; 
 $ok=0; 
 } 
 
 //This is our limit file type condition 
 if ($uploaded_type =="text/php") 
 { 
 echo "No PHP files<br>"; 
 $ok=0; 
 } 
 
 //Here we check that $ok was not set to 0 by an error 
 if ($ok==0) 
 { 
 Echo "Sorry your file was not uploaded"; 
 } 
 
 //If everything is ok we try to upload it 
 else 
 { 
 if(move_uploaded_file($_FILES['uploaded']['tmp_name'], $target)) 
 { 
 echo "Your file ". basename( $_FILES['uploadedfile']['name']). " has been uploaded."; 
 } 
 else 
 { 
 echo "Sorry, there was a problem uploading your file."; 
 } 
 } 
 ?>

I'm using an Upload Script, and I've been working on trying to style the 'Choose File Button' (input file button)

In this multi file upload form, choose three images, click submit and preview the images on the preview page. If the user wishes to delete or replace an image, click edit and the form will go back to the previous page. Select the replace radio button for example on one of the three images and select a new image from the file input prompt and click submit. The form will go to the preview page again to display the images. During this process the image names are being input into a table and the images are being moved to a directory.

The table is

  `id`  AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `image0`
  `image1`
  `image2`
  `status`

So input name='image[image0]' can be directed to table `image0` and so on.

The code for keep and delete work fine, but how do I replace an image?
I have two foreach blocks. The first one deletes the image file from the directory and deletes the image name from the table, but the second foreach dose not move the new image file into the directory.
Thanks.

<input type='radio' name='image[image0]' value='keep' checked='checked'/>
<input type='radio' name='image[image0]' value='delete' />
<input type='radio' name='image[image0]' value='replace' />
<input type="file" name="image[]" />

<input type='radio' name='image[image1]' value='keep' checked='checked'/>
<input type='radio' name='image[image1]' value='delete' />
<input type='radio' name='image[image1]' value='replace' />
<input type="file" name="image[]" />

<input type='radio' name='image[image2]' value='keep' checked='checked'/>
<input type='radio' name='image[image2]' value='delete' />
<input type='radio' name='image[image2]' value='replace' />
<input type="file" name="image[]" />

<?php
if (isset($_POST['status'])) {

$status = $_POST['status'];
$confirm_code = $status;

#--------------------------- replace --------------------------------------------

if (isset($_POST['submitted']) &&
($image = $_POST['image'])) {

foreach($image as $imageKey => $imageValue) {
if ($imageValue == 'replace') {
$query = "SELECT $imageKey FROM table WHERE status = '$status' ";
if($result = $db->query( $query )){
$row = $result->fetch_array();
}

unlink( UPLOAD_DIR.$row[0] );

$query = "UPDATE table SET $imageKey = '' WHERE status = '$status' ";
}
}

foreach($image as $imageKey => $imageValue) {
if ($imageValue == 'replace') {

$filenm = $_FILES['image']['name']; 
$file = $_FILES['image']['tmp_name'];

move_uploaded_file($file, UPLOAD_DIR . $filenm);
$filename[] = $filenm; 

$query = "INSERT INTO table VALUES ('','$filename[0]','$filename[1]','$filename[2]','$confirm_code')";
}
}
}
}
?>

So, I'm learning how to upload pictures into a system from my awesome PHP book. I've looked and looked through the script but I can't figure out whats wrong with it.

Goal:
The script is meant to save a full version of the image in the images folder and a thumbnail in the thumbnail folder.
Bug:
The full image does not appear in any folder, and the thumbnail is created but its put in the images folder.

I've checked the GD library, and everything is supported.

image_effect.php

<?php
//change this path to match your images directory
$dir ='C:/x/xampp/htdocs/images';

//change this path to match your fonts directory and the desired font
putenv('GDFONTPATH=' . 'C:/Windows/Fonts');
$font = 'arial';

// make sure the requested image is valid
if (isset($_GET['id']) && ctype_digit($_GET['id']) && file_exists($dir . '/' .
    $_GET['id'] . '.jpg')) {
    $image = imagecreatefromjpeg($dir . '/' . $_GET['id'] . '.jpg');
} else {
    die('invalid image specified');
}

// apply the filter
$effect = (isset($_GET['e'])) ? $_GET['e'] : -1;
switch ($effect) {
case IMG_FILTER_NEGATE:
    imagefilter($image, IMG_FILTER_NEGATE); 
    break;
case IMG_FILTER_GRAYSCALE:
    imagefilter($image, IMG_FILTER_GRAYSCALE); 
    break;
case IMG_FILTER_EMBOSS:
    imagefilter($image, IMG_FILTER_EMBOSS); 
    break;
case IMG_FILTER_GAUSSIAN_BLUR:
    imagefilter($image, IMG_FILTER_GAUSSIAN_BLUR);
    break;
}

// add the caption if requested
if (isset($_GET['capt'])) {
    imagettftext($image, 12, 0, 20, 20, 0, $font, $_GET['capt']);
}

//add the logo watermark if requested
if (isset($_GET['logo'])) {
    // determine x and y position to center watermark
    list($width, $height) = getimagesize($dir . '/' . $_GET['id'] . '.jpg');
    list($wmk_width, $wmk_height) = getimagesize('images/logo.png');
    $x = ($width - $wmk_width) / 2;
    $y = ($height - $wmk_height) / 2;
    
    $wmk = imagecreatefrompng('images/logo.png');
    imagecopymerge($image, $wmk, $x, $y, 0, 0, $wmk_width, $wmk_height, 20);
    imagedestroy($wmk);
}

// show the image
header('Content-Type: image/jpeg');
imagejpeg($image, '', 100);
?>


check_image.php

<?php
include 'db.inc.php';
//connect to MySQL
$db = mysql_connect(MYSQL_HOST, MYSQL_USER, MYSQL_PASSWORD) or 
    die ('Unable to connect. Check your connection parameters.');
mysql_select_db(MYSQL_DB, $db) or die(mysql_error($db));

//change this path to match your images directory
$dir ='C:/x/xampp/htdocs/images';

//change this path to match your thumbnail directory
$thumbdir = $dir . '/thumbs';

//change this path to match your fonts directory and the desired font
putenv('GDFONTPATH=' . 'C:/Windows/Fonts');
$font = 'arial';

// handle the uploaded image
if ($_POST['submit'] == 'Upload') {

    //make sure the uploaded file transfer was successful
    if ($_FILES['uploadfile']['error'] != UPLOAD_ERR_OK)
    {
        switch ($_FILES['uploadfile']['error']) {
        case UPLOAD_ERR_INI_SIZE:
            die('The uploaded file exceeds the upload_max_filesize directive ' .
                'in php.ini.');
            break;
        case UPLOAD_ERR_FORM_SIZE:
            die('The uploaded file exceeds the MAX_FILE_SIZE directive that ' .
                'was specified in the HTML form.');
            break;
        case UPLOAD_ERR_PARTIAL:
            die('The uploaded file was only partially uploaded.');
            break;
        case UPLOAD_ERR_NO_FILE:
            die('No file was uploaded.');
            break;
        case UPLOAD_ERR_NO_TMP_DIR:
            die('The server is missing a temporary folder.');
            break;
        case UPLOAD_ERR_CANT_WRITE:
            die('The server failed to write the uploaded file to disk.');
            break;
        case UPLOAD_ERR_EXTENSION:
            die('File upload stopped by extension.');
            break;
        }
    }
    
    //get info about the image being uploaded
    $image_caption = $_POST['caption'];
    $image_username = $_POST['username'];
    $image_date = @date('Y-m-d');
    list($width, $height, $type, $attr) =
        getimagesize($_FILES['uploadfile']['tmp_name']);

    // make sure the uploaded file is really a supported image
    $error = 'The file you uploaded was not a supported filetype.';
    switch ($type) {
    case IMAGETYPE_GIF:
        $image = imagecreatefromgif($_FILES['uploadfile']['tmp_name']) or
            die($error);
        break;
    case IMAGETYPE_JPEG:
        $image = imagecreatefromjpeg($_FILES['uploadfile']['tmp_name']) or
            die($error);
        break;
    case IMAGETYPE_PNG:
        $image = imagecreatefrompng($_FILES['uploadfile']['tmp_name']) or
            die($error);
        break;
    default:
        die($error);
    }

    //insert information into image table
    $query = 'INSERT INTO images
        (image_caption, image_username, image_date)
    VALUES
        ("' . $image_caption . '", "' . $image_username . '", "' . $image_date .
        '")';
    
    $result = mysql_query($query, $db) or die (mysql_error($db));
    
    //retrieve the image_id that MySQL generated automatically when we inserted
    //the new record
    $last_id = mysql_insert_id();
    
    // save the image to its final destination
    $image_id = $last_id;
    imagejpeg($image, $dir . '/' . $image_id  . '.jpg');
    imagedestroy($image);

} else {
    // retrieve image information
    $query = 'SELECT
        image_id, image_caption, image_username, image_date
    FROM
        images
    WHERE
        image_id = ' . $_POST['id'];
    $result = mysql_query($query, $db) or die (mysql_error($db));
    extract(mysql_fetch_assoc($result));

    list($width, $height, $type, $attr) = getimagesize($dir . '/' . $image_id .
        '.jpg');
}

if ($_POST['submit'] == 'Save') {
    // make sure the requested image is valid
    if (isset($_POST['id']) && ctype_digit($_POST['id']) &&
        file_exists($dir . '/' . $_POST['id'] . '.jpg')) {
        $image = imagecreatefromjpeg($dir . '/' . $_POST['id'] . '.jpg');
    } else {
        die('invalid image specified');
    }

    // apply the filter    
    $effect = (isset($_POST['effect'])) ? $_POST['effect'] : -1;
    switch ($effect) {
    case IMG_FILTER_NEGATE:
        imagefilter($image, IMG_FILTER_NEGATE); 
        break;
    case IMG_FILTER_GRAYSCALE:
        imagefilter($image, IMG_FILTER_GRAYSCALE); 
        break;
    case IMG_FILTER_EMBOSS:
        imagefilter($image, IMG_FILTER_EMBOSS); 
        break;
    case IMG_FILTER_GAUSSIAN_BLUR:
        imagefilter($image, IMG_FILTER_GAUSSIAN_BLUR);
        break;
    }

    // add the caption if requested
    if (isset($_POST['emb_caption'])) {
        imagettftext($image, 12, 0, 20, 20, 0, $font, $image_caption);
    }

    //add the logo watermark if requested
    if (isset($_POST['emb_logo'])) {
        // determine x and y position to center watermark
        list($wmk_width, $wmk_height) = getimagesize('images/logo.png');
        $x = ($width - $wmk_width) / 2;
        $y = ($height - $wmk_height) / 2;
    
        $wmk = imagecreatefrompng('images/logo.png');
        imagecopymerge($image, $wmk, $x, $y, 0, 0, $wmk_width, $wmk_height, 20);
        imagedestroy($wmk);
    }

    // save the image with the filter applied
    imagejpeg($image, $dir . '/' . $_POST['id'] . '.jpg', 100);

    //set the dimensions for the thumbnail
    $thumb_width = $width * 0.10;
    $thumb_height = $height * 0.10;

    //create the thumbnail
    $thumb = imagecreatetruecolor($thumb_width, $thumb_height);
    imagecopyresampled($thumb, $image, 0, 0, 0, 0, $thumb_width, $thumb_height,
        $width, $height);
    imagejpeg($thumb, $dir . '/' . $_POST['id'] . '.jpg', 100);
    imagedestroy($thumb);
?>
<html>
 <head>
  <title>Here is your pic!</title>
 </head>
 <body>
  <h1>Your image has been saved!</h1>
  <img src="images/<?php echo $_POST['id']; ?>.jpg" />
 </body>
</html>
<?php
} else {
?>
<html>
 <head>
  <title>Here is your pic!</title>
 </head>
 <body>
  <h1>So how does it feel to be famous?</h1>
  <p>Here is the picture you just uploaded to our servers:</p>
<?php 
   if ($_POST['submit'] == 'Upload') {
       $imagename = 'images/' . $image_id  . '.jpg';
   } else {
       $imagename = 'image_effect.php?id=' . $image_id  . '&e=' .
           $_POST['effect'];

       if (isset($_POST['emb_caption'])) {
           $imagename .= '&capt=' . urlencode($image_caption); 
       }

       if (isset($_POST['emb_logo'])) {
           $imagename .= '&logo=1'; 
       }
   }
?>
   <img src="<?php echo $imagename; ?>" style="float:left;">
  <table>
   <tr><td>Image Saved as: </td><td><?php echo $image_id  . '.jpg'; ?></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Height: </td><td><?php echo $height; ?></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Width: </td><td><?php echo $width; ?></td></tr>
   <tr><td>Upload Date: </td><td><?php echo $image_date; ?></td></tr>
  </table>
  <p>You may apply special options to your image below. Note: saving an image
with any of the options applied  <em>cannot be undone</em>.</p>
  <form action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; ?>" method="post">
   <div>
    <input type="hidden" name="id" value="<?php echo $image_id;?>"/>
    Filter: <select name="effect">
     <option value="-1">None</option>
<?php
    echo '<option value="' . IMG_FILTER_GRAYSCALE . '"';
    if (isset($_POST['effect']) && $_POST['effect'] == IMG_FILTER_GRAYSCALE) {
        echo ' selected="selected"';
    }
    echo '>Black and White</option>';

    echo '<option value="' . IMG_FILTER_GAUSSIAN_BLUR . '"';
    if (isset($_POST['effect']) && $_POST['effect'] ==
        IMG_FILTER_GAUSSIAN_BLUR) {
        echo ' selected="selected"';
    }
    echo '>Blur</option>';

    echo '<option value="' . IMG_FILTER_EMBOSS . '"';
    if (isset($_POST['effect']) && $_POST['effect'] == IMG_FILTER_EMBOSS) {
        echo ' selected="selected"';
    }
    echo '>Emboss</option>';

    echo '<option value="' . IMG_FILTER_NEGATE . '"';
    if (isset($_POST['effect']) && $_POST['effect'] == IMG_FILTER_NEGATE) {
        echo ' selected="selected"';
    }
    echo '>Negative</option>';
?>
    </select>
    <br/><br/>
<?php
    echo '<input type="checkbox" name="emb_caption"';
    if (isset($_POST['emb_caption'])) {
        echo ' checked="checked"';
    }
    echo '>Embed caption in image?';
    echo '<br/><br/><input type="checkbox" name="emb_logo"';
    if (isset($_POST['emb_logo'])) {
        echo ' checked="checked"';
    }
    echo '>Embed watermarked logo in image?';
?>
    <br/><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="Preview" name="submit" />
    <input type="submit" value="Save" name="submit" />
   </div>
  </form>
 </body>
</html>
<?php
}
?>


Any help appreciated.

Hello, all: been trying to convert this little single-file upload to multiple by naming each file form-field as "userfile[]" as it's supposed to automatically treat them as an array.. but no luck!  Can you guide me as to what am I doing wrong??
appreciate the help!


Code: [Select]
<?php

if (!isset($_REQUEST["seenform"])) {
?>
   <form enctype="multipart/form-data" action="#" method="post">
   Upload file: <input name="userfile[]" type="file" id="userfile[]">
   Upload file: <input name="userfile[]" type="file" id="userfile[]">
   <input type="submit" value="Upload">
   <input type="hidden" name="seenform">
   </form>
<?php
} 
else 
{ // upload begins
$userfiles = array($_FILES['userfile']);
foreach ($userfiles as $userfile)
{ // foreach begins
   $uploaded_dir = "uploads/";
   $userfile = $_FILES['userfile']["name"];
   $path = $uploaded_dir . $userfile;
   if (move_uploaded_file($_FILES['userfile']["tmp_name"], $path)) 
     {
   print "$userfile file moved";
   // do something with the file here
    } else 
{
   print "Move failed";
}
} // foreach ends
} // upload ends

?>

I havent included the whole title as it wouldnt let me but I was wondering if someone could help me on this?

I know this is possible as torrentflux caters for this but unsure of where to start.

I dont want to allow file or directory uploads or creation in my /etc/php.ini file (this is turned off).

Yet then torrentflux allows me to link a torrent from an external source (using legal downloads of course  ) but then it uploads it on my server and creates folders on a per user basis.

How is this possible can someone give me some pointers please?

I look forward to any replies,
Jeremy.

I am using apache web server on linux. I am using PHP for web designing. On web server, i want to show the configuration data by reading the ini file. I am creating this ini file from one php code itself. If this php code i run through linux terminal, the file is created with file and group owner as root.(i am having sudo rights on machine) Then if i try to read the ini file from my apache web server, it gives warning as failed to open stream: permission denied. I have tried changing the owner, and permissions to 777 of the file. Still it is not readable. On the other hand, if i run the php code of ini file creation through web server, ini file is created with file and group owner as apche. and web server is able to read/ write the file. But i want to create that file from root or some other user and later read/written by apache. How to give this access permission?

<td><label for='images'> <b>File to upload:</b> </label></td>
            <td><input type='file'  name = 'drama_image' '<?php echo $row['drama_image']; ?>'/></
                       </tr>
         
   <?php
            $target_path = "images/";
            $target_path = $target_path . basename( $_FILES['images']['name']);

            if(move_uploaded_file($_FILES['images']['tmp_name'], $target_path)) {
                echo "The file ".  basename( $_FILES['images']['name']).
             " has been uploaded";
            } else{
                echo $row['drama_image'];
            }
         
     ?>

['drama_image'] is the name of the file

I wanna echo it out in the box of file upload so when I save , the default picture will still be there instead of being overwritten as the box does not have any value in it.

Hello,

Can someone help me with these contact-form please,

I just want to include a file (.pdf, .jpg, .png) and send the mail.

 

For the moment, the mail is send but not with the file included.

 

Here is the website

http://www.coeuraprendre.art

 

HTML CODE :

 

<form id="contact-form" class="checkform" action="#" target="contact-send.php" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" >
				
						<div class="form-row clearfix">
							<label for="name" class="req">Nom *</label>
							<input type="text" name="name" class="name" id="name" value="" placeholder="Name" />
						</div>
						
						<div class="form-row clearfix">
							<label for="email" class="req">Email *</label>
							<input type="text" name="email" class="email" id="email" value="" placeholder="Email"/>
						</div>
						
						<div class="form-row clearfix textbox">
							<label for="message" class="req">Nom du projet  *</label>
							<textarea name="message" class="message" id="message" rows="15" cols="50" placeholder="Message"></textarea>
						</div>
						
							<div class="form-row clearfix">
							<label for="pdf" class="req">Ajoutez votre dossier d'inscription (Pdf intéractif) *</label>
							<input type="file" id="pdf" class="pdf" name="pdf" placeholder="Pdf" accept="image/pdf">

						</div>
						
						
						
						
						<div id="form-note">
							<div class="alert alert-error">
								<strong>Error</strong>: Please check your entries!
							</div>
						</div>
						
						<div class="form-row form-submit">
							<input type="submit" name="submit_form" class="submit" value="Send" />
						</div>
				
						<input type="hidden" name="subject" value="From Coeur à Prendre" />
						<input type="hidden" name="fields" value="name,email,message," />
						<input type="hidden" name="sendto" value="info@coeuraprendre.art" />  
					</form> 
				</div>
				<!-- Contact form -->

 

 

PHP CODE :

 

<?php

define("WEBMASTER_EMAIL", $_POST['sendto']);
if (WEBMASTER_EMAIL == '' || WEBMASTER_EMAIL == 'Testemail') {
	die('<div class="alert alert-confirm"> <h6><strong>The recipient email is not correct</strong></h6></div>');	
} 

define("EMAIL_SUBJECT", $_POST['subject']);
if (EMAIL_SUBJECT == '' || EMAIL_SUBJECT == 'Subject') {
	define("EMAIL_SUBJECT",'Contact');	
}

$name = stripslashes($_POST['name']);
$email = trim($_POST['email']);
$message = stripslashes($_POST['message']);
$pdf = stripslashes($_POST['pdf']);


$custom = $_POST['fields'];
$custom = substr($custom, 0, -1);
$custom = explode(',', $custom);

$message_addition = '';
foreach ($custom as $c) {
	if ($c !== 'name' && $c !== 'email' && $c !== 'message' && $c !== 'pdf' && $c !== 'subject') {
		$message_addition .= '<b>'.$c.'</b>: '.$_POST[$c].'<br />';
	}
}

if ($message_addition !== '') {
	$message = $message.'<br /><br />'.$message_addition;
}


$message = '<html><body>'.nl2br($message)."</body></html>";
$mail = mail(WEBMASTER_EMAIL, EMAIL_SUBJECT, $message,
     "From: ".$name." <".$email.">\r\n"
    ."Reply-To: ".$email."\r\n"
    ."X-Mailer: PHP/" . phpversion()
	."MIME-Version: 1.0\r\n"
	."Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8");


if($mail)
{
echo '
		<div class="alert alert-confirm">
			<strong>Confirm</strong>: Your message has been sent. Thank you!
		</div>
';
}
else
{
echo '
		<div class="alert alert-error">
			<strong>Error</strong>: Your message has not been send!
		</div>
';
}

?>

 

Edited July 22 by cocolembo

I have a page using forms to help build listing templates for eBay. I have a folder where I have hundreds of logos stored. I know the logo names but not their extensions. . . . I have to test each potential (jpg, jpeg, gif, png, etc.) until I guess right. Here is an example code for the web form: <form action="extension_test2.php" method="post">
<p>Logo: <input name="e" value="" type="text" size="15" maxlength="30" /><p>
<input name="Submit" type="Submit"/>
</form>   and the form's result: <?

$e =$_POST['e'];

if(!empty($e)) {
echo '<img src="http://www.gbamedica...ebayimg/logos/'.$e.'">';
};

?>   Here is a link to the example: http://www.gbamedica...ension_test.php Use "olympus.jpg" for test. I am looking for code that can determine the file type and dynamically add the extension. Can it be done?

Hi everybody. 

I use flash 8 and actionscript 2.0. I am trying to create a small program that needs communication between php / HTML and flash. I have found ( after much frustration and having wasted days on this ) that no matter what - if i make a change to my program and re publish the HTMl AND SWF files after I have deleted the old HTML and swf files , even then when i run the NEW PUBLISHED html / php file, the movie that runs is the old one. I have tried all that I know, like checking paths and stuff to ensure that everything is ok. I am unable to shed the chached old swf file and so the old movie continues to run. 

Is there any one who has encountered anything like this? Please help me. This is driving me nuts. Thanks loads in anticipation of a reply from the nerds on this !

If you are using Vertabelo for creating database models and you access your database with Propel library, you'll find the following instructions useful.